While THC and CBD dominate most cannabis discussions, they are only two of over 100 cannabinoids found in the plant. Some of the lesser-known cannabinoids, such as CBG (cannabigerol), CBN (cannabinol), and CBC (cannabichromene), are starting to gain attention for their potential effects and unique interactions with the endocannabinoid system (ECS). Unlike THC, these cannabinoids are non-intoxicating, meaning they won’t produce the same euphoric effects but may still offer therapeutic benefits.

CBG is often referred to as the "mother cannabinoid" because it serves as the precursor to THC, CBD, and other cannabinoids. Early research suggests that CBG may support gut health and act as an anti-inflammatory compound, leading to growing interest in its potential for conditions like IBS and Crohn’s disease. Some also believe CBG may have neuroprotective properties, though more studies are needed to confirm its effects. Because CBG is found in lower quantities in most cannabis plants, CBG-rich strains or extracts are becoming more sought after.

CBN, on the other hand, is often marketed as a sleep aid, though its direct role in sedation is still debated. CBN forms when THC degrades over time, which is why older cannabis flower tends to have higher CBN content. While some studies suggest CBN may contribute to relaxation, it’s unclear whether it is inherently sedative or if its effects are enhanced when combined with THC or other terpenes, such as myrcene or linalool. Consumers looking for sleep-supporting products often turn to CBN-infused tinctures or edibles, but further research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms.

CBC is one of the more under-researched cannabinoids but has shown potential in preliminary studies. Unlike THC and CBD, CBC does not bind strongly to CB1 or CB2 receptors, but it does interact with TRPV1 and other receptors related to pain perception and inflammation. Some researchers believe CBC may play a role in mood regulation due to its potential effects on neurotransmitters, though its real-world applications remain largely speculative at this stage.

As the cannabis industry evolves, these minor cannabinoids may become more prominent in targeted formulations for wellness or therapeutic use. However, because research is still developing, consumers should be mindful of marketing claims and look for products with verified lab testing. Understanding how these cannabinoids function both individually and in combination with THC, CBD, and terpenes will likely be a key focus of future cannabis science.

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